Magh Bihu, also known as Bhogali Bihu, is one of the most significant festivals celebrated in Assam, a northeastern state of India. This festival marks the end of the harvesting season and the beginning of the Assamese new year. It usually falls in the month of January, during the Hindu month of Magh, and coincides with the festival of Makar Sankranti observed in other parts of India. This year, it will be celebrated on January 15.
Why is Magh Bihu celebrated?
Magh Bihu is primarily a harvest festival that celebrates the abundance of crops and food after months of hard work by farmers. It is a way of thanking nature for its generosity and seeking blessings for future prosperity. The festival signifies unity, gratitude, and the joyous spirit of sharing among communities.
What is Magh Bihu's significance?
The word 'Bhogali' comes from the Assamese word 'Bhog,'5- which means feasting or enjoyment. This highlights the festival’s focus on food, community, and celebration. It is a time when people come together to rejoice over the fruits of their labor and strengthen social bonds. Magh Bihu also signifies the transition of the Sun into the zodiac sign Capricorn (Makara), marking longer days and the end of winter.
What are rituals followed at Magh Bihu?
Magh Bihu is steeped in traditions that reflect the cultural richness of Assam. Here are some key rituals and practices:
Uruka: The celebrations begin on the eve of Magh Bihu, known as Uruka. On this night, families and communities gather for a grand feast. Traditionally, people build temporary huts called 'bhelaghars' using bamboo, thatch, and leaves. These huts serve as cooking and dining areas. A wide variety of traditional dishes, including fish, meat, rice cakes (pithas), and sweets, are prepared and shared.
Bonfire and Bhelaghar: On the morning of Magh Bihu, the bhelaghars and heaps of hay are set on fire in a ceremonial bonfire. This ritual, known as Meji burning, symbolises the destruction of evil and the welcoming of warmth, prosperity, and light. People gather around the bonfire, offer prayers, and throw rice cakes and other items into the flames as offerings.
Traditional sports and games are an integral part of Magh Bihu celebrations. Competitions like buffalo fighting, egg fights, and tug-of-war are organised in villages, adding excitement and energy to the festivities.
Preparation of Pithas and Laru: Household women prepare special delicacies like pithas (rice cakes), laru (sweet balls made of sesame or coconut), and other traditional Assamese sweets. These treats are shared with friends and family, symbolising love and togetherness.
