The financial capital has been affected by extreme air pollution and has experienced one of its most contaminated months, with the AQI surpassing 300 in certain western suburbs. Multiple specialists and physicians have pointed out numerous factors contributing to the increasing levels of air pollution in Mumbai.
Rise in AQI throughout winter
The Times of India states in a report that Dilip Boralkar, the former member secretary of the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB), indicated that the most significant transformation in Mumbai is the timing of the smog. "Although smog typically clears by 9am to 9:30am, it now persists until 11am or later on certain days," he stated.
Rise in construction activity
Various construction initiatives, such as the Metro projects in the city and surrounding areas, might contribute to the decline in air quality. Former Municipal commissioner Iqbal Singh Chahal stated that there are a remarkable 6,000 construction sites active throughout the city back in 2023.
The current number of ongoing projects stands at around 11,000 projects, excluding infrastructure developments. The R Central ward has the highest number of construction sites at 942, while the K East ward follows closely with 933, and the K West ward has 815. Central suburbs: 45 skyscrapers are being built, then in Western suburbs about 30 towers are set to be finished in the upcoming six years. In Thane about 59 towers are currently being constructed and in Navi Mumbai about 15 buildings are at different stages of development.
Traffic from vehicles
Mumbai is experiencing significant air pollution due to the 1.2 million private vehicles operating throughout the city. “Our roads are now reduced by half, causing vehicles to move slowly and take twice as long to arrive at their destination,” stated senior pulmonologist Dr. Sanjeev Mehta, as reported by TOI.
Environmental change
The decrease in La Nina – the cooling of ocean surfaces and shifts in wind patterns – partly led to an abrupt increase in particulate matter in the coastal city.
Dust on roadways:
Another source of pollution in the city is identified as the displacement of dust particles caused by roads and vehicles transporting construction debris. Consequently, the local authorities opted to utilize anti-smog guns on 50 to 60 primary roads.
Use Of Contaminated Oils:
Preparing food in various restaurants, dhabas, and other food venues with dirty oils can release ultrafine particles such as oil droplets and condensed organic compounds that generate nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and formaldehyde in dangerous levels, thereby deteriorating air quality.
What Actions Are Taken To Address Problem?
To manage dust produced by construction and roadwork in Mumbai, the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) has installed large anti-smog guns with a capacity to disperse up to 50 metres. These anti-smog guns are backed by water storage tanks with capacities of 5000 litres and 10,000 litres. Additionally, 100 water tankers have been sent out to wash the roads and eliminate dust.
BMC implements dust mitigation measures across Mumbai, including road washing and water spraying, to improve air quality and reduce pollution | File Photo
Given the alterations in air quality resulting from climate change and its negative impacts on public life, the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation has stressed the importance of executing measures with standard operating procedures. This also involves the cleanliness of roads. As part of this strategy, vegetation is currently being utilized efficiently for purification and dust control on both major and minor roadways.
