The latest controversial report prepared by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) of the Government of India has exposed in a revealing manner the deception game of the Narendra Modi regime which did not allow the survey to be released leading to the resignation of the two topmost members of the National Statistical Commission. The report has exploded the myth of high job generation being claimed by the centre and the leading members of the BJP in the recent days to mislead the people on the eve of the coming Lok Sabha elections.
The NSSO report has shown that the unemployment rate was at its highest level since 1972-73 now and in 2017-18, the joblessness rate among youth was at a significantly higher level compared to the previous years and much higher compared to that in the overall population.
For instance, the rate of joblessness among rural males in the age group of 15-29 years jumped more than three times to 17.4 per cent in 2017-18 compared to 5 per cent in 2011-12.Similarlty, the unemployment rate for female youth in rural areas stood at13.6 per cent in 2017-18 compared to 4.8 per cent in 2011-12.
The unemployment rate for urban youth was more than their rural counterparts- 18.7 per cent for males and27.2 per cent for females. This grim scenario has not been created in a day. It has been a continuous process and ever since the beginning of the Narendra Modi government, there has been more hype in talking about new schemes and acche din rather than concentrating on generation of jobs. On the contrary, the sudden decision of demonetization announced in November 2016 destabilised the informal economy leading to the loss of lakhs of jobs rather than creating new jobs.
That is why, the NDA government was most reluctant in coming out with the findings of the real ground situation in the employment market. The findings of this NSSO report are of great significance as this is the first survey on employment conducted by a government agency after Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced demonetization. The informal sector employs huge number of people and this sector was affected most adversely after demonetization.
There was no survey of job losses in this vital sector of the economy. This survey for the first time tried to do some assessment in totality. The survey shows that the labour force participation rate (LFPR) the proportion of population working or seeking jobs declined from 39.5 per cent in 2011-12 to 36.9 per cent in 2017-18.
The LFPR has been declining since 2004-05 but the dip was at a higher pace in 2017-18 compared to 2011-12. According to the senior economists, there is no reliable data for assessing the state of joblessness in the informal sector. The magnitude of the hit received by the micro, small and medium enterprises following demonetization, has also not been assessed and the Government has no policy prescription since it does not recognize that there is really any big problem in the informal sector. The trading in informal sector is basically done through cash. Following demonetization, there was serious breach of channels through which businesses are done in rural areas.
According to economic census, there are 56 million non agricultural enterprises and if 72 million farmers are added, the number of entities will come to 128 million. This sector has largest number of employment in the country and if this sector is in distress, how can additional jobs be generated?.This NDA government has focused on the job generation in industry and high tech areas where the scope of additional jobs is low. The job policy of Modi government has been a total failure and that has been reflected in the NSSO survey.
The immediate task is to organise and revamp the MSME sector and the agriculture so that new jobs can be generated. What needs to be done is to ensure that the MSMEs move from employing two people to five or ten or from ten people to 20 or more. The policy has to be tweaked to see that the 128 million entities are assisted by the government policies to contribute to additional job generation. Corporates can only create limited jobs, the bulk of new jobs have to be created in the MSME sector.
Latest figures also show that employment growth in corporate India has fallen off sharply over the last decade. From around 5 to 6 per cent per annum to around 2 to 3 per cent today. The big corporates are resorting to automation and artificial intelligence leading to job losses in many industries though new areas are being developed for job generation. But there the number of jobs are few and limited to only high skilled.
The national political parties have to take up job generation as the core of their programme in the election manifesto for the 2019 Lok Sabha elections. The Congress Party under Rahul Gandhi has to work on an ambitious job generation programme which really can impart a big dynamism to the course of present jobless growth programme of the country. During the next five years, the total number of people looking for jobs will total 70 million.
The programme of providing jobs to this huge number is a massive task and the job policy has to incorporate innovative ideas which were not tested before. A high level panel including internationally known economists like Dr. Amartya Sen and Dr Pranab Bardhan can be consulted to draw up the composite programme. Apart from minimum income guaranteed programme, this job generation programme, should form the core of the opposition CMP in its battle against the BJP and its allies.
Nitya Chakraborty is a freelance journalist. Views are personal.
