What Is Vikram-1? Inside India’s First Privately Developed Orbital Launch Vehicle

India has achieved one more milestone in space after the launch of Vikram-1. It is the first privately developed orbital-class launch vehicle which is built by the spacetech startup Skyroot Aerospace. Just like Elon Musk's SpaceX, India is also moving forward to grow the space sector in the private sector too.

With that, India launched its first privately developed orbital-class launch vehicle, Vikram-1, on Saturday, July 18, 2026. This is the first experimental Satellite Launch Vehicle-3 (SLV-3), which was launched at 12:05 PM from Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota. On July 18, 1980, India became the sixth member of an exclusive club of spacefaring nations when the SLV-3 was successfully launched from the same venue, placing the Rohini Satellite (RS-1) into orbit.

What is Vikram-1?

India's space sector is entering a new era with Vikram-1, the country's first privately developed orbital launch vehicle. Developed by Hyderabad-based space startup Skyroot Aerospace, Vikram-1 marks a major milestone in India's growing private space ecosystem and reflects the government's push to encourage commercial participation in space exploration. Its inaugural flight will target a 450-km orbit with an inclination of 60 degrees.

Named after the father of India's space programme, Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, Vikram-1 is a small satellite launch vehicle designed to carry payloads of up to 350 kilograms into low Earth orbit (LEO). The rocket is built to offer cost-effective, reliable and on-demand launches for small satellites, a rapidly expanding segment of the global space industry.

The launch vehicle is a seven-storey-tall, multi-stage orbital launch vehicle with all-carbon composite structure and powered by in-house developed propulsion systems. The vehicle weighs approximately 24 tonnes and features a three-stage all-solid propulsion system. The rocket incorporates advanced carbon-composite structures and 3D-printed components, making it lighter and more efficient.

Technology demonstration payloads

Vikram-1 will carry six technology demonstration payloads from Grahaa Space, Cosmoserve, DCubed and Skyroot’s own SCOPE, along with Cosmos Diamonds’ artwork “Cosmic Bloom” and a micro-art piece. Grahaa Space is a Bengaluru-based spacetech startup building a constellation of Earth-observation nanosatellites to stream near-real-time, high-resolution video of any location on the globe.

Cosmoserve Space is a spacetech startup that is testing "Mission Embrace" aboard Skyroot Aerospace's maiden Vikram-1 rocket. Instead of using rigid mechanical claws, which can shatter old, fragile satellites and create even more space junk, this soft robotic system is designed to gently wrap around and secure non-cooperative objects.

The mission will also carry an international payload, uD3PP and mD3RN, developed by Germany-based DCubed GmbH. They are specialised micro-actuators developed by German space components manufacturer DCUBED Space. They are being flown on the maiden orbital test flight of India's Vikram-1 rocket to validate their performance and earn flight heritage in real orbital conditions.