London: A new blood-based RNA test can detect, classify and pinpoint the location of cancer with greater accuracy by analysing a sample equivalent to one drop of blood, scientists say. Using this new method for blood-based RNA tests of blood platelets, researchers have been able to identify cancer with 96 per cent accuracy, researchers said.
“Being able to detect cancer at an early stage is vital. We have studied how a whole new blood-based method of biopsy can be used to detect cancer, which in the future renders an invasive cell tissue sample unnecessary in diagnosing lung cancer, for instance,” said Jonas Nilsson, cancer researcher at Umea University in Sweden.
“In the study, nearly all forms of cancer were identified, which proves that blood-based biopsies have an immense potential to improve early detection of cancer,” said Nilsson. Researchers from Umea University, in collaborations with researchers from the Netherlands and the US, investigated how a new method of blood-based RNA tests of the part of the blood called platelets could be used in detecting and classifying cancer.
The results show that blood platelets could constitute a complete and easily accessible blood-based source for sampling and hence be used in diagnosing cancer as well as in the choice of treatment method. Blood samples from 283 individuals were studied of which 228 people had some form of cancer and 55 showed no evidence of cancer.
By comparing the blood sample RNA profiles, researchers could identify the presence of cancer with an accuracy of 96 per cent among patients. Among the 39 patients in the study in which an early detection of cancer had been made, 100 per cent of the cases could be identified and classified.
In follow-up tests using the same method, researchers could identify the origin of tumours with a so far unsurpassed accuracy of 71 per cent in patients with diagnosed cancer in the lung, breast, pancreas, brain, liver, colon and rectum. The samples could also be sorted in subdivisions depending on molecular differences in the cancer form, which can be of great use in the choice of treatment method. The study was published in the journal Cancer Cell.
